: Power Generation Capacity of Pakistan
The total power
generation capacity in Pakistan is of the order of 17,457 MW. This includes the Hydropower
generation capacity of 5,013 MW, the thermal power generation capacity of
12,169 MW and the nuclear power generation capacity of 462 MW.
Electricity produced in Pakistan is from the following main
sources.
1. Hydel Power (Renewable)
2. Solar Power (Renewable)
3. Wind Power (Renewable)
4. Thermal Power (Gas/Steam/Furnace Oil)
(Non-Renewable)
5. Nuclear Power (Non-Renewable)
Power Demand of Pakistan
·
Punjab:
The current
power demand in Punjab is about 7,027 MW which is expected to
rise to 29,103 MW in 2024-25.
·
Sindh:
The current
power demand in Sindh is about 2,642 MW which is expected to
rise to 10,993 MW in 2024-25.
·
KPK:
The current
power demand in NWFP is about 1,697 MW which is expected to
rise to 7,018 MW in 2024-25.
·
Baluchistan:
The current
power demand in Baluchistan is about 474 MW which is expected
to rise to 1,964 MW in 2024-25.
Following is the
Chart of Current Production of Electrical Energy and production in 2024-25.
Hydel Power:
·
Hydroelectric
energy uses the potential energy of water to generate electricity.
·
Sources
of this convention is Dams, Canals, and Barrage etc.
Question: Why hydropower is
successful in Pakistan?
a) Geography of Pakistan supports
Hydropower generation at massive scale.
b) This flow can be generated through
dams built on rivers and barrages etc.
c) We can exploit the natural flow of
water in mountainous regions.
There are five major hydropower generation projects in
Pakistan.
Namely as followings
1.
Tarbela
2.
Mangla
3.
Warsak
4.
Chashma
5.
Ghazi Barotha
v Tarbela Dam:
Height: 485 ft. (above Riverbed)
Reservoir Area: 95 sq. miles
Gross Storage Capacity: 11.62 MAF
Live Storage Capacity: 9.7 MAF
Main Spillway Capacity: 6.5 million cusecs
Year of Completion: 1977
Geology and Bedrock: Alluvium under Main Dam and
Limestone, Phyletic and Schist under
the Abutment
Power Generation: 3,478 MW
Ø Solar Power Station in Pakistan: (World’s Largest Solar
Project in Pakistan)
Solar energy is the energy derived from the sun through the
form of solar radiation.
|
Location
|
|
Bahawalpur,
Punjab, Pakistan
|
|
Status
|
|
First
100 MW completed
|
|
Construction began
|
|
End
2014
|
|
|
2015
|
|
|
Owner(s)
|
|
|
|
Operator(s)
|
|
Ø Wind Power stations:
The wind
power stations required air for the production of electrical energy. It is only
successful in airy areas such as near the bank of rivers or oceans.
The current wind power stations are
working in Jhimpur, Gharo, Keti Bandar and Bin Qasim in Sindh.
Ø Thermal Power plant:
Thermal power is produced using
furnace oil, diesel, coal and gas as raw material, all of which are fossil
fuels. Thermal power is expansive as compare to hydel power where the water
used is renewable commodity.
The cost of generation of thermal
energy by WAPDA establishments was Rs. 2.48 approximately whereas that of hydel
was Rs. 0.2 in the year 2000-01.
Ø Nuclear power plant in Pakistan:
There are only two nuclear generation centers in Pakistan -
Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (KANUPP) producing 137 MW of power and Chashma
Nuclear Power Plant (CHASHNUPP) with an installed capacity of 325 MW. The total
nuclear power capacity is 462 MW, which is only 2.9% of the total generation.
KANUPP and CHASHNUPP are the first two nuclear power plant of the Islamic
world.
As of 2012, nuclear power in Pakistan is provided by 3
licensed-commercial nuclear power plants. Pakistan is the first Muslim country in the world to construct and operate civil nuclear power plants. The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), the scientific and nuclear governmental agency, is solely responsible for operating these power plants. As of 2012, the electricity generated
by commercial nuclear power plants constitutes roughly ~3.6% of electricity
generated in Pakistan, compared to ~62% from fossil fuel, ~33% from hydroelectric power and ~0.3% from coal electricity. Pakistan is not a party
to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty but is a member of the International Atomic Energy Agency. Pakistan plans on
constructing 32 nuclear power plants by 2050.
|
Nuclear power reactors
|
Type
|
Location
|
Construction start
|
Connected to grid
|
Commercial operation
|
|
|
300 MWe
|
1
August 1993
|
13 June
2000
|
15
September 2000
|
|||
|
300 MWe
|
28
December 2005
|
14
March 2011
|
20 May
2011
|
|||
|
340 MWe
|
28
April 2009
|
2016
|
N/A
|
|||
|
340 MWe
|
2011
|
2017
|
N/A
|
|||
|
1000
MWe
|
2014
|
2020
|
N/A
|
|||
|
90 MWe
|
1
August 1966
|
18
October 1971
|
7
December 1972
|
|||
|
1100
MWe
|
Construction
has started, since 2013.
|
2020
|
2020
|
|||
|
1100
MWe
|
Construction
has started, along with KANUP III since 2013
|
2020
|
2020
|
|||
|
Muzaffargarh
Nuclear Power Complex
|
1000
MWe
|
PAEC
reportedly plans to install three Chinese nuclear reactors atMuzaffargarh and the site is now being prepared.
|
2020
|
2020
|
Current Situation of Pakistan
·
Power
Shortage
·
High
Cost of Generation Dependence on Foreign Oil
·
Economic
Drawbacks
1. Power
Shortages:
Frequent Power Shutdowns (Load Shedding)
High Demand but Low Generation
Need more generation capacity (Mega Projects)
2. Economic
Drawbacks:
Increased Import Bills
Dependence on Foreign Oil
Stunted Industrial Growth
Increased Unemployment
Question: How to solve
these problems?
Answer:
·
Pakistan
should built more and more Dams instead of producing electrical energy from
Thermal or Nuclear power because they requires high cost and also
non-renewable. But water is renewable.
·
Pakistan
should also change its structure of producing energy to maximum solar plants
because these required only initial costs but have high efficiency.
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