structure of power energy in Pakistan

1. Generation:

WAPDA was established in 1958 and having a massive agenda, which included generation, transmission and distribution of power along with irrigation, drainage and flood control etc. The electricity customers in the Pakistan is over 13 million customers.

There are four major power producers in country:

1. WAPDA (water & Power Development Authority),

2. KESCO (Karachi Electric Supply Company),

3. IPPs (Independent Power Producers),

4. PAEC (Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission).

Installed power capacity:

Type	No. of stations	Installed Capacity	% Share in total Capacity
Hydel (WAPDA)	14	6494	34%
Thermal (WAPDA)	14	4835	25%
Thermal (KESCO)	4	1756	4%
Thermal (IPPs)	16	5832	30%
Nuclear	2	462	2%
Total Capacity		19379	100%

2. Transmission:

·        There are 12436 KM transmission lines of 500KV, 220KV transmission line in Pakistan.

·        The three-phase system has three sets of phase conductors.

·        There are 5077 Km of 500 KV transmission line in Pakistan.

LIST OF 500 KV GRID STATIONS

1. Grid station Sheikh Muhammadi Peshawar

2. Grid station Rewat

3. Grid station Sheikhupura

4. Grid station Nokhar

5. Grid station New Multan

6. Grid station Muzafargarh

7. Grid station Sahiwal (Yousafwala)

8. Grid station Gatti Faisalabad

9. Grid station Guddu

10. Grid station Dadu

11. Grid station Jamshoro

12. Grid station Nki

·        There are thirty two 220 KV Grid Stations.

·        Total length is 7359 Km of 220 KV transmission line in Pakistan.

Power Transmission Losses

The safe and reliable transmission and distribution of electricity remains a major problem in Pakistan. Losses from the transmission and distribution network totaled some is 30% in 2003-04

There are following main causes of loss

·        Poor conductor material

·        Weak grid infrastructure and substantial

·        Theft of electricity

·        Low time to time maintance of network

·        Resistive Losses.

3. Distribution:

After the transmission, Power is handed over the Eight Distribution Companies (DISCOs) to transfer this power to the consumers of Pakistan.

1. PESCO:

2. IESCO:

3. GEPCO:

4. LESCO:

5. FESCO:

6. MEPCO:

7. QESCO:

8. HESCO:

At the substations, transformers reduce the voltage to a lower level for distribution to commercial and residential users. This distribution is accomplished with combination of sub-transmission (33 KV to 132 KV) and distribution (3.3 to 25 KV).

Finally, at the point of use, the energy is transformed to low voltage.